Microsilica is a mineral admixture composed of very fine solid glassy spheres of silicon dioxide. Most microsilica particles are less than 1 micron (0.00004 inch) in diameter, generally 50 to 100 times finer than average cement or fly ash particles. Frequently called condensed silica fume, microsilica is a by-product of the industrial manufacture of ferrosilicon and metallic silicon in high-temperature electric arc furnaces.
Microsilica in concrete contributes to strength and durability two ways: as a pozzolan, microsilica provides a more uniform distribution and a greater volume of hydration products; as a filler, microsilica decreases the average size of pores in the cement paste. Used as an admixture, microsilica can improve the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. Used as a partial replacement for cement, microsilica can substitute for energy-consuming cement without sacrifice of quality.
Microsilica reduces the rate of carbonation, decreases permeability to chloride ions, imparts high electrical resistivity, and has little effect on oxygen transport. Therefore, microsilica concrete can be expected to be strongly protective of reinforcement and embedments.
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